ASTM E2278  Standard Guide for Use of Coal Combustion Products (CCPs) for Surface Mine Reclamation: Revegetation and Mitigation of Acid Mine Drainage
ASTM E2278露天矿土壤改良用煤燃烧产物使用的标准指南:酸性矿排水区域的再植被和调节
1. Scope
1.1 This guide covers the beneficial use of coal combustion products (CCPs) for abatement of acid mine drainage and revegetation for surface mine reclamation applications related to area mining, contour mining, and mountaintop removal mining. It does not apply to underground mine reclamation applications. There are many important differences in physical and chemical characteristics that exist among the various types of CCPs available for use in mine reclamation. CCPs proposed for each project must be investigated thoroughly to design CCP placement activities to meet the project objectives. This guide provides procedures for consideration of engineering, economic, and environmental factors in the development of such applications.
1.2 The utilization of CCPs under this guide is a component of a pollution prevention program; Guide E 1609 describes pollution prevention activities in more detail. Utilization of CCPs in this manner conserves land, natural resources, and energy.
1.3 This guide applies to CCPs produced primarily from the combustion of coal.
1.4 The testing, engineering, and construction practices for using CCPs in mine reclamation are similar to generally accepted practices for using other materials, including cement and soils, in mine reclamation.
1.5 Regulations governing the use of CCPs vary by state. The user of this guide has the responsibility to determine and comply with applicable regulations.
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information only.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately) 
ASTM Standards
C188 Test Method for Density of Hydraulic Cement
C311 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Fly Ash or Natural Pozzolans for Use as a Mineral Admixture in Portland-Cement Concrete
C400 Test Methods for Quicklime and Hydrated Lime for Neutralization of Waste Acid
D75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates
D420 Guide to Site Characterization for Engineering, Design, and Construction Purposes
D422 Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of Soils
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
D698 Test Method for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12 400 ft-lbf/ft3 (600 kN-m/m3))
D854 Test Method for Specific Gravity of Soils
D1195 Test Method for Repetitive Static Plate Load Tests of Soils and Flexible Pavement Components, for Use in Evaluation and Design of Airport and Highway Pavements
D1452 Practice for Soil Investigation and Sampling by Auger Borings
D1557 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56 000 ft-lbf/ft3 (2700 kN-m/m3))
D1586 Test Method for Penetration Test and Split-Barrel Sampling of Soils
D1883 Test Method for CBR (California Bearing Ratio) of Laboratory-Compacted Soils
D2166 Test Method for Unconfined Compressive Strength of Cohesive Soil
D2216 Test Method for Laboratory Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock
D2435 Test Method for One-Dimensional Consolidation Properties of Soils
D3080 Test Method for Direct Shear Test of Soils Under Consolidated Drained Conditions
D3550 Practice for Ring-Lined Barrel Sampling of Soils
D3877 Test Methods for One-Dimensional Expansion, Shrinkage, and Uplift Pressure of Soil-Lime Mixtures
D3987 Test Method for Shake Extraction of Solid Waste with Water
D4253 Test Methods for Maximum Index Density and Unit Weight of Soils Using a Vibratory Table
D4254 Test Method for Minimum Index Density and Unit Weight of Soils and Calculation of Relative Density
D4448 Guide for Sampling Ground Water Monitoring Wells
D4767 Test Method for Consolidated-Undrained Triaxial Compression Test on Cohesive Soils
D4972 Test Method for pH of Soils
D5084 Test Method for Measurement of Hydraulic Conductivity of Saturated Porous Materials Using a Flexible Wall Permeameter
D5092 Practice for Design and Installation of Ground Water Monitoring Wells in Aquifers
D5239 Practice for Characterizing Fly Ash for Use in Soil Stabilization
D5759 Guide for Characterization of Coal Fly Ash and Clean Coal Combustion Fly Ash for Potential Uses
D5851 Guide for Planning and Implementing a Water Monitoring Program
E1527 Practice for Environmental Site Assessments: Phase 1 Environmental Site Assessment Process
E1609 Guide for the Development and Implementation of a Pollution Prevention Program
E2201 Terminology for Coal Combustion Products
Other Methods
Long-TermLeachingPro
Index Terms
coal combustion products; CCPs; surface mine; reclamation; revegetation; mitigation; acid mine drainage;