ASTM E1776 Standard Guide for Development of Fire-Risk-Assessment Standards
ASTM E1776火灾危险评定标准开发用标准指南
This guide is intended for use by those undertaking the development of fire-risk-assessment standards. Such standards are expected to be useful to manufacturers, architects, specification writers, and authorities having jurisdiction.
As a guide, this document provides information on an approach to the development of a fire-risk-assessment standard; fixed procedures are not established. Limitations of data, available tests and models, and scientific knowledge can constitute significant constraints on the fire-risk-assessment procedure and associated standard.
While the focus of this guide is on developing fire-risk-assessment standards for products, the general concepts presented also can be applied to processes, activities, occupancies, and buildings.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide covers the development of fire-risk-assessment standards.
1.2 This guide is directed toward development of standards that will provide procedures for assessing fire risks harmful to people, property, or the environment.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This fire standard cannot be used to provide quantitative measures.

2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately
ASTM Standards
E176 Terminology of Fire Standards
E1546 Guide for Development of Fire-Hazard-Assessment Standards
Other Documents
ISO13943 Fire Safety - Vocabulary
Index Terms
fire; fire hazard; fire risk;
ASTM E1802  Standard Test Methods for Wet Insulation Integrity Testing of Photovoltaic Modules
ASTM E1802
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods provide procedures to determine the insulation resistance of a photovoltaic (PV) module, i.e. the electrical resistance between the module's internal electrical components and its exposed, electrically conductive, non-current carrying parts and surfaces.
1.2 The insulation integrity procedures are a combination of wet insulation resistance and wet dielectric voltage withstand test procedures.
1.3 These procedures are similar to and reference the insulation integrity test procedures described in Test Methods E 1462, with the difference being that the photovoltaic module under test is immersed in a wetting solution during the procedures.
1.4 These test methods do not establish pass or fail levels. The determination of acceptable or unacceptable results is beyond the scope of these test methods.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.6 There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 6.

2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately)
ASTM Standards
E772 Terminology Relating to Solar Energy Conversion
E1328 Terminology Relating to Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conversion
E1462 Test Methods for Insulation Integrity and Ground Path Continuity of Photovoltaic Modules
Index Terms
dielectric voltage withstand; electrical testing; energy; insulation integrity; insulation resistance; modules; photovoltaics; solar;